Also, a study by Pecile et al., not included in the Boon et al. meta-analysis, found that mean CRP levels were 10.6 (SD 6.9) mg/dl in patients with APN diagnosed with DMSA compared to 3.6 (SD 2.6) mg/dl in patients without renal involvement, while the mean PCT level was significantly higher in acute APN than in UTI without renal lesions (39). Here, CRP is linked to bacterial urinary tract infection.