For example, a study by Chen et al. [33] reported high concentration of IL-8 in the serum of patients with HNSCC, compared to patients with laryngeal papilloma or age-matched healthy donors, and a similar study showed significantly higher levels of circulating IL-8 in patients with metastatic or local/regional recurrent HNSCC, compared to healthy controls [14]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.