A study comparing HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) showed that HPV-negative OPSCC contained higher numbers of neutrophils compared to HPV-positive cases, and that HPV-negative OPSCC tumor-stromal culture models produced higher levels of IL-8 and other chemokines compared to HPV-positive models [37]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is neoplasm.