However, during the repair period following AKI, Atg5 deficiency exhibited no significant difference in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and 4-hydoxynonenal (4HNE), suggesting that the improvement in renal fibrosis associated with Atg5 deficiency is unlikely to result from its effect on cell proliferation or reactive oxygen species levels. This evidence concerns the gene ATG5 and acute kidney injury.