Exploratory subgroup analysis of the whole cohort showed similar overall trends in benefits in rates of acute healthcare utilization, all-cause mortality, and CKD progression but not combined cardiovascular composite event outcome within the GLP1-RA group compared to DPP4i group, although there was treatment effect heterogeneity between several subgroups (Supplementary Fig. S3 [A-D] in supplementary online material). This evidence concerns the gene GCG and chronic kidney disease.