While the pro- and anti-tumor roles of neutrophils are partially incongruent, certain molecules, such as G-CSF and IL-6, have the capacity to evoke both types of responses.202,203 Neutrophil activity within the tumor microenvironment is modulated by various factors, including tumor type, disease stage, neutrophil maturation state, and tissue environment.204 Consequently, the traditional classification of neutrophils into N1 and N2 phenotypes fails to fully capture their functional roles in this context. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and neoplasm.