CFTR and cystic fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, an autosomal recessive disorder with mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the chloride and bicarbonate transporter proteins, is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, chronic bacterial airway infections, and the dilatation of bronchioles obstructed by mucus plugs565 (Fig. 7j).