JAM-C can maintain the EC in a polarized manner, creating a unidirectional gate for neutrophil movement from the vascular lumen to the proximal tissue compartment, whereas the effects of NE and certain acute inflammatory conditions, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, may impair this gate by downregulating the expression of JAM-C.196,198 Moreover, in vitro chemoattractants, such as CXCL8, can act as chemorepellents at higher concentrations,199 which allows for possible changes in neutrophil behavior as cells migrate along chemokine gradients. This evidence concerns the gene JAM3 and ischemia reperfusion injury.