Importantly, the presence of hypoxia-inducible FIS1-TBC1D17 association was detected in GSC cultures derived from glioblastoma patients, established in vitro disease models [45–47] (Fig. 8B and S10), suggesting the relevance of this protein-protein interaction in the survival and maintenance of primary cancerous cells under hypoxia (a significant characteristic of the tumour microenvironment in many solid cancers). The gene discussed is TBC1D17; the disease is glioblastoma.