ERN1 and infection: MtAnn1-GFP labelling and Ca2+ spiking were also seen in the outer cortex adjacent to root hairs with arrested-infections in ern1 (Supplementary Fig. 9d–f), but the pattern appeared to be deregulated (more cells labelled with MtAnn1-GFP or Ca2+ spiking sometimes in MtAnn1 unlabelled cells, never seen in the wild-type control A17 or sunn, Fig. 3 and Supplementary Fig. 8).