CD40LG and interstitial nephritis: For example, a kidney pathology was documented during infection with S. haematobium or S. mansoni, where renal damage was noted as interstitial nephritis, tubular dysfunction syndrome, and deposition of the immune complex of a schistosome antigen with IgG/IgM antibodies in the glomerular basement membrane, which led to different types of glomerulonephritis [39,40].