Importantly, mutations in DNA repair genes such as TP53 and ATM can be misinterpreted as either tumor-derived (somatic) variants, CHIP variants, or germline variants because of their high alteration rate in solid tumors (∼37% of patients with TP53 variants and ∼6% of patients with ATM variants seen in all solid tumors; refs. 5, 8, 10). Here, STUB1 is linked to neoplasm.