The current diagnostic methods for HCC mainly comprise serum tumor marker detection (alpha fetoprotein, AFP), imaging examination including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), which are the most commonly used methods in clinical practice due to their convenience, real-time and noninvasive characteristics. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.