SPP1 and liver cancer: Subsequently, a univariate Cox proportional hazard model, Lasso regression and multivariable Cox regression were applied to these 40 screened genes along with the corresponding survival data of liver cancer patients, identifying 7 specific genes (CCR7, COL3A1, FMNL2, HP, PFN1, SPP1 and TENM4) that were associated with survival outcomes (Figure 6B).