In current study, hybrid TLR4+M2 macrophages (CD68+CD80-CD86-TLR4+CD163+CD204+CD206+cells) were found in SSc-ILD samples of patients treated by different standard immunosuppressive therapies, including mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine A and tacrolimus), basiliximab (anti-CD25) and alemtuzumab (anti-CD52), but none of these drugs are currently known to play an effect on M1/M2 macrophage polarization (45). This evidence concerns the gene CD163 and systemic sclerosis.