COL1A1 expression is associated with risk in various cancers (Figure 3C), including breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), whereas it provides protective effects in kidney chromophobe (KICH), highlighting its complex role depending on cancer type. This evidence concerns the gene COL1A1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.