Research indicates that thymocyte selection-associated high-mobility group box factor 4 (TOX4), as a hormone-responsive transcription factor, can act on liver PCK1, inhibition of liver TOX4 can reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis and improve glucose tolerance, suggesting that TOX4 may be a new target for the treatment of diabetes (Wang L. et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene PCK1 and diabetes mellitus.