15 of these PFAMs showed greater effect size towards the COPD-phenotype, including CtsR N-terminal HTH domain, Peptidase propeptide and YPEB domain, Conserved hypothetical protein 698, Winged helix DNA-binding domain, and SOR/SNZ family among the top 5; and 6 PFAMs towards the non-COPD phenotype, including Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, Reverse transcriptase, Citrate synthase, Fructose-6-phosphate aldolase and Urease gamma subunit among the top 5 (Figure 6A). Here, LAP3 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.