CST3 and diabetes mellitus: Cystatin C is a predictor of all-cause mortality, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. This study found high levels of cystatin C in PCOS patients and high levels of inflammatory markers like interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and malinaldehyde (MDA) and low levels of antioxidant like superoxide dismutase (SOD) in PCOS women. These findings indicate a need for addition of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents for cardiovascular protection in PCOS women.