INSR and Alzheimer disease: All seven of these molecules have been implicated in the pathogenesis or treatment of AD and other metabolic diseases and include rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (RICTOR), TNF receptor associated protein 1 (TRAP1), PPARG coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A), and insulin receptor (INSR; Koopman and Rüdiger, 2020; Katsouri et al., 2011; Morris and Burns, 2012; Lee et al., 2017).