TEX, serving as miniature surrogates of tumor cells, carry active components of the immunosuppressive molecular pathways tumors operate (e.g., adenosine, TGF-β1, arginase-1, cytokine/chemokine networks and others, as reviewed in ref 2) that are known to be involved in promoting carcinogenesis [13,14]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.