Moreover, during NPDR, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), produced by activated endothelial cells, glial cells, and neurons contribute to early neuronal necrosis in the diabetic retina. Here, CXCL8 is linked to non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.