TF and anemia (phenotype): In contrast to functional iron deficiency, which is associated with low ferritin levels and elevated transferrin levels, the anemia of inflammation is characterized by low levels of iron and transferrin or reduced saturation of transferrin with iron, while ferritin levels are normal or elevated.6 Furthermore, the presence of anemia has been identified as a major risk factor for hospitalization and mortality in several chronic and inflammatory diseases.6–8