Notably, at earlier time points within 24 h post-stroke, microglial M1 polarization is significantly enhanced, accompanied by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and chemokines C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/3 (CCL2/3) (McCrary et al., 2019). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Stroke.