These findings were supported by the elevated scores of published gene signatures for myeloid cells expressing proinflammatory soluble factors, such as IL-1β (tumour-promoting inflammation signature)50, in SPP1hi-TAMs across both species, and there was a significant correlation between SPP1hi-TAM abundance and tumour-promoting inflammation signature enrichment in patients (Extended Data Fig. 7e,f). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is neoplasm.