CASP3 and neuroblastoma: Durbas et al. also reported that the downregulation of PHLDA1 in IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells rendered these cells more resistant to apoptosis, as shown by decreased levels of cleaved caspase 3 and its substrate PARP and decreased activity of caspase 3/7 in PHLDA1-silenced cells as compared to control cells (Durbas et al. 2016).