SMAD2 and diabetic kidney disease: Transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) is a key pro‐fibrotic factor that drives collagen accumulation and fibrosis in the kidney.[33] We identified an enrichment of TGF‐β1, phosphorylation of Smad2/3, and the dysregulation of canonical fibrotic markers, including E‐cadherin (E‐Cad), alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and Vimentin in DKD kidneys by ELISA analysis (Figure 3H), western blot (Figure 3I,J), and immunohistochemical staining (Figure 3K–N).