MAPK1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Notably, the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade and MAPK signaling pathway were found to be significantly altered in lnc191‐silenced ESCC cells, which is consistent with the previous reports that GRP78 is overexpressed in cancer cells to contribute to activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.[24, 25] Accordingly, we validated the impact of lnc191 and GRP78 on the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.