MAPK1 and cancer: Several studies have proposed ROS as critical regulators of MAPK/ERK signaling in pathologies such as cardiomyopathies (Ko et al., 2015) or some types of cancer (Sarmiento-Salinas et al., 2021), since antioxidants could decrease ERK phosphorylation, but just a few reports have shown the opposite effect (Acosta-Casique et al., 2023).