MAPK1 and neoplasm: Particularly in CC, alterations in the ERK pathway have been detected (Kang et al., 2007; Ojesina et al., 2014; Zou et al., 2017), leading to clinical studies evaluating inhibitors of MAPK pathway such as EGFR inhibitors, Raf modulators, and MEK inhibitors to reduce tumor progression (Manzo-Merino et al., 2014; Vora and Gupta, 2018).