ATG16L1 and hydrops fetalis: Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the ablation of Atg16l1 in myeloid cells led to an upregulation of phosphorylated ASK1 (p-ASK1), phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), and cleaved caspase-3 (C-caspase-3) in the liver tissues of Atg16l1ΔMφ mice with HF induced by CCl4 or BDL when compared to the control livers from Atg16l1FL/FL mice (Figure 4D).