This paper reports the results of a comprehensive set of patient-level meta-analyses that were performed to compare once-weekly basal insulin and once-daily basal insulin for the primary endpoint (HbA1c) and secondary endpoints [FPG, TIR, number of patients achieving HbA1c of <7%, body weight, hypoglycemia (level 1), any adverse event, serious adverse events, severe adverse events, any adverse event probably or possibly related to basal insulin, injection-site reactions, and hypersensitivity events] in diverse populations across the spectrum of diabetes. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.