INS and Insulin resistance: As for excessive daytime sleepiness, one study conducted among students of Taif University found a prevalence of 15.29% using the ESS, with significant correlations between EDS and body weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, fasting serum insulin and HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) index [8].