TNF and colitis: More specifically, reduced symptoms of colitis caused by DSS, such as disease activity index, decrease in colon length, colon weight-to-length ratio, and pathological damage to the colon, were observed, while decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, as well as reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory factors in the colon tissues, were also found.