PPARG and ischemic stroke: These results should be interpreted cautiously, as collider bias is particularly relevant to blood pressure given its strong association with ischemic stroke risk.93 Moreover, the genetic proxy for ARBs was in PPARG, which encodes a protein involved in multiple cardiometabolic pathways distinct from the primary mechanism of ARB drugs94; PPARG induction is a secondary effect limited to a subset of ARBs.