PDPN and type 2 diabetes mellitus: To elucidate the mechanisms by which Pdpn+ Mφs ameliorated the dysfunction and inflammation of diabetic aortae via PVAT, the aortae without PVAT was isolated from T2DM rats and cocultured with Pdpn+ Mφs derived from the PVAT of normal rats and/or adipocytes derived from the PVAT of T2DM rats (T2DM-PV-adipocytes) (Fig. 5A).