CD14 and myeloid leukemia: In summary, we have engineered a human immune competent full-thickness skin model encompassing incorporated and functional DDC surrogates, described earlier as THP-1-derived CD14-, CD11c+ immature dendritic cells (iDCs)17,37 on one hand, and containing CD1a+, CD207+ LC surrogates derived from the human myeloid leukemia-derived cell line Mutz-3 on the other hand, allowing the molecular characterization of human DC activation in vitro upon compound treatment according to the 3R criteria.