The differentially expressed genes in males and females were enriched in insulin secretion pathways, oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain pathways, respectively, which corresponded with the sex-based pathogenesis of T2D.477 Additionally, Wang et al. indicated that HFD-feeding remodeled the chromatin accessibility and transcriptome through suppressing CTCF expression, which was corresponded with decreased CTCF expression in β cells from obese and diabetic mice and humans. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.