INS and Mental deterioration: It has been reported that chronic hyperglycemia could promote the formation of advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress (Goh and Cooper, 2008; Joubert et al., 2019), and insulin resistance could affect neuronal function and Aβ accumulation in the brain, which contribute to neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction and finally lead to cognitive decline (Arnold et al., 2018).