Activated PINK1 (PTEN Induced Kinase 1; p-PINK1(Thr257)/total PINK1 protein ratio) (Supplementary Fig. S3c and d), marker of mitophagy,3 increased after HIIT in T2D and IS-NDM (Fig. 3a), whereas activation of PARKIN (p-PARKIN(Ser65)/total PARKIN ratio) (Supplementary Fig. S3e and f), also marker of mitophagy,3 was observed after HIIT and after detraining in both insulin-resistant groups (Fig. 3b). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.