IGHG1 and infection: Of these proteins, three immunoglobulins [namely immunoglobulin γ 1 heavy chain constant region (IGHG1), immunoglobulin kappa C (IGKC), and IGHM] demonstrated a persistent increase in expression with an increase in infection duration; the upregulation of all three proteins is likely related to the secretion of specific antibodies against E. granulosus in the liver.