In type 1DM (T1DM), previously referred to as juvenile diabetes, the pancreasfails to produce adequate insulin necessary to control glucose homeostasis.2 First-line treatment is insulin replacement therapy,which is commenced from diagnosis.3 Mostcommonly, insulin is administered via a regimen of multiple dailysubcutaneous injections, consisting of basal and rapid-acting insulinanalogues to mimic basal and postprandial insulin release in healthyindividuals. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.