TNF and infection: IL10 and CCL2 are the most prominent cytokines predicting COVID-19 severity [75], but also higher levels of IL2, IL6, IL7, IL10, CXCL10, CCL2, TNF, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, type-I IFN, and CSF2 were reported in the serum or plasma of patients with severe COVID-19 than in patients with mild and moderate infections [2, 34, 79, 80] supporting the evidence of a cytokine storm [81].