CASP3 and prostate carcinoma: In this study, a normal expression of the Caspase-3 gene was observed in prostate cancer cells (DU-145) treated with dichloromethane and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of V. doniana, suggesting the presence of secondary metabolites that modulate Caspase-3 expression and activity, to execute apoptosis (Pisani et al., 2020).