PTH and hyperparathyroidism: Secondary causes of osteoporosis such as hypercortisolism, hyperthyroidism (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3L), and thyroxine (T4L) levels were normal), hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was normal), celiac disease, or autoimmune conditions, neoplastic or lymphoproliferative diseases, as well as bone tuberculosis were excluded.