They also demonstrated the inhibitory role of miR-145 on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-HO-1 signaling and downstream glutathione peroxidase 1 and superoxide dismutase type 1 expression, demonstrating the role of miR-145 as a contributor to hypospadias through the suppression of the antioxidant system. This evidence concerns the gene GPX1 and hypospadias.