Notably, miR-494, miR-200c, miR-145, miR-6756-5p, miR-182 and miR-210 could promote the development of hypospadias through different signaling pathways, such as TGF-β, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, BMP, insulin/IGF and hypoxia. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hypospadias.