MTOR and cancer: Therefore, it is speculated that activation of AMPK or inhibition of the mTOR pathway may be one of the important mechanisms of action of metformin in affecting the proliferation, migration and invasion of KIRC cells, and that the level of PSENEN may be related to the immune microenvironment of cancer, but it remains to be explored in depth whether it is a direct target of the anticancer effect of metformin.