PIN1 and cholangiocarcinoma: Studies focusing on the potential role of Pin1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have also revealed that by regulating ANXA2 phosphorylation, elevated levels of Pin1 expression enhance CCA cell proliferation and migration (32), whereas in gastric cancer, upregulation of Pin1 induces CREB1-activated PIN1P1, which plays a vital role in tumor progression (33).