ATF4 and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Similarly, the overexpression of protein disulfide isomerase family A member 4 (PDIA4) in the endoplasmic reticulum enhances the expression of the transcription factor activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which promotes the transcriptional expression of SLC7A11, thereby promoting ferroptosis resistance in renal cell carcinoma[95].