For example, FOXP1 is a tumor suppressor in lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and neuroblastoma (Ackermann et al, 2014; Fox et al, 2004; Sheng et al, 2019; Takayama et al, 2014; Tang et al, 2024; Wang et al, 2023), but an oncoprotein in DLBCL and ovarian cancer, and sometimes also exhibit oncoprotein functions in breast cancer and prostate cancer (Chen et al, 2023; Chiang et al, 2017; Choi et al, 2016; Takayama et al, 2008). Here, FOXP1 is linked to lung cancer.