CPSF6 and infection: Immunofluorescence microscopy was conducted using antibodies against the endogenous CPSF6 and the viral integrase (IN) that contains an HA tag (Blanco-Rodriguez et al, 2020; Petit et al, 2000), which revealed the presence of nuclear HIV-1-MLOs (Scoca et al, 2022), characterized by the clustering of CPSF6 and viral components, inside the host nucleus for up to 25 days post-infection (d.p.i.)(Fig. 1A).