The observed anti-prostate cancer effects are likely mediated through the modulation of key molecular pathways, including the downregulation of androgen receptor (ar) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), normalization of caspase-3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1), and upregulation of p53, ultimately inducing apoptosis. Here, CDK1 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.