MAVS and viral infectious disease: Upon viral infection, PRRs detect virus-derived nucleic acids and recruit adaptor proteins, including TIR domain–containing adaptor molecule 1 (TRIF), mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), and stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING), which further activate the nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interferon regulatory 3/7 (IRF3/7), and inflammasome signaling pathways to trigger the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines (3–6).