At baseline, 32 (61%) out of 52 MASH patients had CKD and 20 (39%) had normal renal function: despite similar fasting biochemical, genetic, clinical and metabolic profile, after the meal challenge MASH patients with CKD showed impaired GLP-2 response, increased intestinal permeability and endotoxemia, and higher NF-kB activation in circulating MNCs than MASH patients without CKD, with LPS and NF-kB activation in MNCs peaking 2 hours after GLP-2 (Table 1, Figure 1a–c). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity.