IL5 and inflammatory bowel disease: The authors found correlations between individual fecal microbial taxa and serum cytokines, e.g. positive association between Ruminococcus and IL-5 levels.23 A larger study of 358 pregnant IBD patients from Mount Sinai suggested a correlation of specific bacterial taxa with maternal fecal calprotectin levels24; however, no studies exist that causally link specific changes of the gut microbiome during pregnancy to inflammatory flares in IBD or vice versa IBD-related changes in intestinal microbes to pregnancy outcomes.